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| branch= United States Navy | serviceyears=1943–1947 | battles=World War II *Pacific Theater | footnotes= }} Mark Odom Hatfield (July 12, 1922 – August 7, 2011) was an American politician and educator from the state of Oregon. A Republican, he served for 30 years as a United States Senator from Oregon, and also as chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. A native Oregonian, he served in the United States Navy in the Pacific Theater during World War II after graduating from Willamette University. After the war he earned a graduate degree from Stanford University before returning to Oregon and Willamette as a professor. While still teaching, Hatfield served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly. He won election to the Oregon Secretary of State's office at the age of 34 and two years later was elected as the 29th Governor of Oregon. He was the youngest person to ever serve in either of those offices, and served two terms as governor before election to the United States Senate. In the Senate he served for 30 years, and now holds the record for longest tenure of any Senator from Oregon. At the time of his retirement, he was 7th most senior Senator as well as second most senior Republican. In 1968, he was considered a candidate to be Richard Nixon's running mate for the Republican Party presidential ticket. Hatfield served as Chairman of the Senate Committee on Appropriations on two different occasions. With this role, he was able to direct funding to Oregon and research-related projects. Several Oregon institutions, buildings and facilities are named in his honor, including the Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse in Portland, the Mark O. Hatfield Library at Willamette University (his alma mater), the Hatfield Government Center light-rail station in Hillsboro, the Mark O. Hatfield School of Government in the College of Urban and Public Affairs at Portland State University, and the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport. Outside of Oregon, a research center at the National Institutes of Health is also named in his honor for his support of medical research while in the Senate. Hatfield died in Portland on August 7, 2011, after a long illness. ==Early life== Hatfield was born in Dallas, Oregon, on July 12, 1922, the only son of Dovie E. (Odom) Hatfield, a schoolteacher, and Charles Dolen Hatfield, a blacksmith for the Southern Pacific Railroad.〔Eells, Robert, and Bartell Nyberg. ''Lonely Walk: The Life of Senator Mark Hatfield''. Chappaqua, N.Y.: Christian Herald Books, 1979. p. 19–20.〕 Mark's father was from California and his mother from Tennessee.〔 When Mark was five years old, his maternal grandmother took over the household while his mother, Dovie attended Oregon State College (now Oregon State University) and graduated with a teaching degree after four years.〔 Dovie taught school in Dallas for two years before the family moved to Salem, where she taught junior high school.〔 Encouraged by his mother, Hatfield's first experience with politics came at the age of 10, when he campaigned in his neighborhood for President Herbert Hoover's 1932 re-election campaign.〔Walth, Brent. "Mark of distinction". ''The Oregonian'', December 29, 1996.〕 In the late 1930s Hatfield worked as a tour guide at the new Oregon State Capitol Building in Salem, using his key to enter the governor's office, where he sat in the governor's chair.〔 On June 10, 1940, the 17-year-old Hatfield, driving his mother's car, struck and killed a pedestrian, Alice Marie Lane, as she crossed the street.〔''Lane v. Hatfield'', 173 Or. 79, 143 P.2d 230 (1943).〕 Hatfield was not held criminally liable for the crash, but was found civilly liable to the family.〔 The case made its way to the Oregon Supreme Court in 1943, with the court affirming the trial court's decision.〔 Hatfield graduated from Salem High School (now North Salem High School) in 1940 and then enrolled at Willamette University, also in Salem.〔16 grads to enter North's hall of fame. ''Statesman Journal'', April 8, 2006.〕 While attending Willamette, Hatfield became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega and Kappa Gamma Rho, which he later helped become a chapter of Beta Theta Pi. In college he also worked part-time for then Oregon Secretary of State Earl Snell, where he learned how to build a political base by sending out messages to potential voters after reading about life changes posted in newspapers, such as deaths and graduations.〔 He also sketched out a political career path beginning with the state legislature and culminating in a spot in the United States Senate, with a blank for any position beyond the Senate.〔 Hatfield graduated from Willamette in 1943 with a Bachelor of Arts degree after three years at the school.〔 While at the school he lost his only election, for student body president.〔Eells, p. 22.〕 Hatfield joined the U.S. Navy after graduation,〔 taking part in the World War II battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa as a landing craft officer where he witnessed the carnage of the war.〔 A lieutenant, he also witnessed the effects of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, as one of the first Americans to see the ruins of the city (later, as Senator, Hatfield opposed arms proliferation and the Vietnam War).〔〔 After Japan, he served in French Indochina, where he witnessed firsthand the wealth divide between the peasant Vietnamese and the colonial French bourgeoisie.〔 After his discharge, he spent one year at Willamette’s law school, but decided politics or teaching better suited him.〔(Hatfield ). ''Statesman Journal'', March 28, 2004.〕〔Eells, p. 24.〕 Hatfield then enrolled at Stanford University, where he obtained a master's degree in political science in 1948.〔 He returned to Salem and Willamette after Stanford and began working as an assistant professor in political science.〔 During his tenure as professor, he built a political base by sending out messages and speaking at any public forum where he could get an invitation.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mark Hatfield」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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